Regulation in Mass Media Essay Example for Free

Regulation in Mass Media Essay The responsibility of the FCC and their regulations are often questioned if they are necessary or not. By examining Horwitz’s â€Å"The Evolution of the American Telecommunication System and the Origin of Communication Regulation. ,† one could take the side that the regulation of media is necessary. Regulation of media is necessary to prevent a monopoly which is one company controlling the entire market. If there was a monopoly on media then the company could charge and price whatever they want and only give service to those they wanted to. By having media regulations this is not able to happen. Natural monopolies in wired carriers, which are monopolies approved by the FCC, keep costs down and prevent a cluttering of wiring in the air or ripping up streets to install underground wiring. The first sign of natural monopoly was with ATT and the telephone. According to Horowitz, it states: â€Å"Under the leadership of Theodor Vail, ATT maintain the telephony constitution a natural monopoly. One policy, one system, and universal service’ was Vail’s ot-reapted slogan. † (Horowitz, Page 99) Vail argued that by having more then one provider there would be a waste of resources and if there was one provider pooling its resources they would be able to provide a better service to the customer. Though this might be true, unless there is regulation by the government this idea of natural monopoly would be horrible. Now the FCC regulates any kind of natural monopoly that exists within universal carriers of a media . The beginning of regulation began with the start of large scale communication, other then print, in 1835 when Samuel Morse proved a signal that could transmitted a message by wire. Morse used pulses of current to provide a written code on a strip of paper. This code became known as the Morse Code. Morse gave a public demonstration in 1838 to congress, but it took congress over five years to fund Morse’s experiment of the telegraph. Congress funded Morse $30,000 to construct a 40 mile experiment from Washington to Baltimore, using telegraph wire. It took six years before a message was sent and received over the telegraph wire. This was the first time a message had been transferred other then print or word of mouth. Western Union became the main provider of the telegraph service, and became a monopoly in 1867. The telegraph created the umbrella of commerce, which was the first time the government intervened with communications. According to Horwitz, a common carrier obligation was established for all carriers that provided service for the telegraph. Telegraph companies resemble railroad companies and other common carries, in that they are instruments of commerce and in that they exercise a public employment and are therefore bound to serve all customers alike without discriminations, they have doubtless a duty to the public to receive to the extent of there capacity all messages clearly and intelligible written and to transmit them upon reasonable terms but they are not common carriers, there duties are different and are perfo rmed in different ways and they are not subject the same liabilities. (Horowitz, Page 95, 96) What this law meant was that there could be no discrimination in who the provider wanted to extend service to. In 1895 the first radio message was transmitted by Marconi. Radio area waves were open to who ever could make a device to transmit messages to other people with the same device. Broadcasting became more and more popular. According to Horwitz, â€Å"broadcasting-the dissemination of electrical messages through the airwaves to an undifferentiated audience-may not have been contemplated, but it was inherited in the technology of radio. (Horowitz, Page 112) Radio became more and more popular and the government stepped in like they did with the telegraph and telephone and began regulating radio. The first major regulation was the Radio Act of 1912. Before this, radio waves were open to the public. The airwaves started to become too crowded and the U. S. government decided to take actio n. The Radio Act of 1912 established government control over the airwaves and created guidelines for issuing licenses and distributing radio airwaves. The Radio Act of 1927 was the second major act that was established to regulate the media industry. This act created the Federal Radio Communications (FRC), which was responsible for giving licenses to broadcasters. This act also made it so that the radio airwaves were a public resource. As a result, broadcasters were required to serve the public interest. The regulations of broadcasted media and the regulation of print media are different. The regulation of print deals with copyright laws. Anyone could publish anything they want but if some one uses someone else’s words without proper notation they could be sued. Print is regulated more when dealing with news print; for example the newspaper. Most print media would not use profanity or any kind of naked pictures. Print media is mostly written based on ethics. The writer tries not to take sides or out right seem bias towards one particular side. Broadcast media like radio have different kinds of regulations. In order to have air time on the radio one needs to have a license. Radio also must provide a public service toward the listener. Radio just like print media tends to stay away from profanity and over sexual connotations. Print media usually has a fee, whereas, radio is free to the public. Both of these media’s have regulations but have different kinds of regulations from the FCC. Overall, the world of mass media has many regulations that exist. These regulations are decided by the FCC, which is an independent government agency created under the Communications Act of 1934. At the beginning the FCC was responsible for regulating broadcast, telegraph, and telephone. Now the FCC has expanded its regulations to include new communication technologies such as: the satellite, microwave, cellular telephones, PCS service and private radio communications. As one could see, the responsibilities of the FCC are necessary in monitoring both the delivery system and the actual media itself. Overall, by using Horwitz’s â€Å"The Evolution of the American Telecommunication System and the Origin of Communication Regulation. ,† one could tell the history of regulation and how important it really is to the people.

Ethnocentrism :: essays research papers

Ethnocentrism #1a.> The difference between the way that the Thais deal with traffic accidents is very different from our own in the manner that when an accident occurs they compare the damage done to each vehicle and then the damage done to each person. To call the police is a big waste of time because many other riders do not have a license. After the problem had been taken care of you are not supposed to make any other contact with the other party. It almost seems like the debate between the groups that gathered was the way that the people could get rid of boredom. #1b.> Not going to jail and the passing of the day is the need that the Thais obtained. #2.> Three examples of Ethnocentrism: a) When the people from the street approached the injured men, the people seemed just as interested in the damage to the motorcycles as they were to the injuries to the persons riding the bikes. b) There was no direct contact between the parties that were in the accident, the people standing aroun d each of the men did the running between the men. The police were not called and there was no lawsuit or fight between the motorists. c) There is just as many people without licenses as there are people with licenses. #3.> Sometimes when we avoid ethnocentric behavior, and respect the other cultures, we lose a portion of our own culture. Our culture is supposed to be based on peace but, for example, with the rise of violence in schools it is necessary to keep all knives out of the classroom. The government let â€Å"ceremonial knives† enter the school. What really is the difference between a â€Å"ceremonial† and regular knives? They both cause bleeding when used and they both kill, isn’t this what we’re trying to stop? We are going to lose our culture in order to keep religion alive.

A Central Theme or Motif in the Play Othello, Is Jealousy

Jealousy is the central theme in the play â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare. It is the most famous literary work that focuses on the dangers of jealousy. The play is a study of how jealousy can ruin lives – even with only the most circumstantial evidence of guilt. The play opens in Venice and revolves mainly around a man called Othello. It’s his actions and thoughts which makes the play interesting and suspenseful. Themes such as love, jealousy, betrayal, honesty and vengeance are all important and widely portrayed throughout the play.However, as we venture into the play and the character Othello, we will realise that jealousy is ultimately the most important theme of them all. It is the fundamental element that fuels the characters and evidently crafted the play into how it is today. From the beginning of the play, we clearly see the jealousy in Iago. This is seen with his dejection at being passed over for promotion to be Othello's lieutenant. Cassio, the à ¢â‚¬Å"bean counter†, got the job instead of Iago the experienced soldier. He just has to accept his loss. But, of course, he does not, and that becomes the driving force of the play.His strategy of dealing with loss is to strike back with vengeance and deception against Othello, who has humiliated him by passing over him for promotion. He stays close to Othello, acting as his best friend when he is actually deceiving Othello, â€Å"I am not what I am†. He is out to get back at Othello and he does this by creating an evil plan against him. Othello is in love with Desdemona and secretly marries her. He loves her and is willing to do anything for her. However, he is blinded by this love and allows jealousy to ruin their relationship.Jealousy is so destructive and has rendered Othello to become so vulnerable to the evil schemes by Iago. Iago uses Desdemona in his plan, and succeeds greatly. Iago’s plan begins as he openly executes his plan of destruction, which incor porates jealousy as the key factor. He intends to create a strong sense of jealousy in Othello by setting up the mirage of an affair between Desdemona and Cassio. Othello is a simple man. He has never dealt with a situation like this before. As a result, he had very extreme reactions because of his jealousy.However, Othello’s jealousy has not developed and still doubts their affair. Therefore no extreme actions have been committed yet. The quote â€Å"Away at once with love or jealousy! † by Othello allows us to understand that he still has faith in Desdemona and does not believe she is cheating on him. However, Iago continues to feed Othello with rumors of the affair. His persistency and Othello’s vulnerability has caused a rapid development of jealousy in him. By the quote â€Å"I like not that†, we can see that it is the turning point for Othello – he begins to lean towards Iago’s interpretation of the truth.In doing so, Othello falls int o the trap and tells Iago that he wants Cassio and Desdemona dead. His love for Desdemona is so strong and yet jealousy overpowers him. Iago realises that although he does not have proof of the affair, he is still able to cause harm â€Å"As proofs of holy writ: this may do something†. From this we realise how obstinate Othello is. Jealousy has made him lose his ability to reason or think logically. In fact, Iago has been so successful with his plan that he was able to put Othello into a state of madness.He even loses control of his body and Iago explains it as epileptic seizures. At the end of the play, after Othello smothers Desdemona to death, it is brought to his attention that he was set up by Iago. In horror, he realizes his mistake. Just before his suicide, Othello explains that all will have to refer to him as â€Å"one that loved not wisely but too well†. His lack of experience brought upon his ruin. Jealousy is described throughout the play as a monstrous emo tion or more specifically, a â€Å"green-eyed monster†. This becomes increasingly more destructive and intense.However, it’s at the end of the play that Othello commits extreme actions because his jealousy has caused him to believe everything is true. Jealousy here is harnessed as a weapon, a weapon made so lethal because its victim ultimately destroys himself and others around him. It is interesting that Iago uses jealousy against Othello, as jealousy is likely the source of Iago’s hatred in the first place. In Othello, jealousy takes many forms, from sexual suspicion to professional competition, but it is, in all cases, destructive.However, this jealousy was not originally prominent Othello, but was rather developed through Iago’s numerous plans of destruction, which is understood through Othello’s change in personality and actions taken. By studying the text â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare, we are able to understand that jealousy is a powerful emotion, one that can destroy relationships, and consume the mind. Whether sexual or platonic, once the seed of jealousy is planted it can lead to devastating consequences, as seen in the play.Jealousy can easily turn into anger, and overwhelm it's victim making them obsessed with the notion. In the play Othello, many of the characters fall victim to jealousy, causing them to commit acts outside of their normal persona. Othello was the victim in the play, and was miserably destroyed by his uncontrollable jealously. Out of all the characters in this play, it’s obvious that jealousy was what ruined Othello. Jealousy had the most profound effect on him and in the end, destroyed his relationship with Desdemona, and himself. In doing so, I believe that jealousy is the central theme in the play.

Critical Analysis of Language Teaching Resources - 2384 Words

Name: Instructor name: Course: Date: Critical analysis of language teaching resources a) Write an exposition of what you consider to be essential criteria for effective language learning materials design and support your opinion from your readings Introduction Effective language learning is the necessity of time. No matter in which discipline you are or what field of occupation you have effective language is a vital goal to success, which cannot be ignored. There are several standards, which determine the criteria for effective language and the learning processes. However, determining a standard is the first and foremost element in this regard. Language teaching and language learning are two entirely different fields, which have their†¦show more content†¦Audio tapes are highly usable in the cases where there is a matter of selection of words. The long narrations on the audio tapes gather the interest of the learners and also serve them have a much better understanding of the actual meanings of the words and where the words can be used. This is the most vital success tool in the language learning process to learn and create a know how in the intellect that was to use which word and what are the substitutes of that particular word, and if we substitute the word. What would be the impact on the sentence, whether it will make sense then or not? All these linguistic characteristics and education are most of the times furnished by the visual and audio aid to the learner. There are several audios and videos available, which assist the individuals to learn in a quick and best manner. This practice saves time and creates ease for the learners and the teachers collectively. Individuals who are interested in the self teaching programs, like many offered on the Internet also make use of the visual and audio aid with the intention to make their English perfect. (Lynch) Language Development Process and Associated Influential Elements Spoken language is the first steps in the language development process. Speaking is considered much easier than writing, which is totally wrong. Both writing and speaking if carried together can be effective otherwise not. For instance, if anShow MoreRelatedUsing Visual Thinking for Effective Teaching and Learning Essay663 Words   |  3 PagesEnglish language lessons for more effective teaching and learning. One of the priorities of Kazakhstan is the trilingual language policy of the State. The president of our country, Nursulatan Nazarbaev, has called citizens of Kazakhstan to learn three languages: Kazakh, Russian and English. He said: â€Å"Knowledge of three languages should become a standard practice for us. We are teaching these languages to our children starting from their first year at school. We need the English language to enterRead More50 Strategies For Teaching English Language Learners1257 Words   |  6 Pages Book Review: 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Name Affiliation Date Book Review: 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Introduction Fifty Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners, Third Edition has been co-authored by Adrienne Herrell and Michael Jordan. It provides various methods that classroom teachers can apply while teaching the English language learners. Examples found in the book illustrate how both students and teachers canRead MoreObservation Of Sight Translation : Progress, Problems, And Prospects1332 Words   |  6 PagesThe published paper of Sight Translation as A Topic in Interpreting Research: Progress, Problems, and Prospects. Across Languages and Cultures 15 (1): 69-91, written by Li, Xiangdong (2014) is highly insightful and informative. Referencing and in-text citations are also very convincing; the ideas are inspiring, and the examples adopted are clear, it presents a critical evaluation of current literature and outlining possible research needs. As it is universally acknowledged that sight translationRead MoreHSC English Advanced Course Module B: Critical Study of Texts1532 Words   |  6 PagesUnit: HSC English Advanced course Unit of Work Module B: Critical Study of Texts Year: 12 / Stage: 6 Prescribed Text: Shakespearean Drama SHAKESPEARE, William, Hamlet, New Cambridge Shakespeare, Cambridge University Press, 2003; or Cambridge School Shakespeare, 2006) Duration: 8 weeks Syllabus Outcome: H1: A student explains and evaluates the effects of different contexts of responders and composers on texts. H2A: A student recognises different ways in which particular texts are valued. Read MoreTeaching And Second Language Learning Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesrole of instruction in second language acquisition requires first to comprehend the comparison between second language teaching and second language learning. In teaching, it is usually what teachers do but in learning, it is what learners do, and basing on this comparison, it is imperative to say that there exists no significant correlation between teaching and learning as far as second language acquisition is concerned. Therefore, the teaching of the second language must conform to the various mechanismsRead MoreEnglish Language Development Lesson Plan1494 Words   |  6 PagesTextbook Evaluation According to the English Language Development lesson plan (ELD), learning or developing English is the main objective, and it asserts that content can only be learned when one has developed their English language by use of rich content through grade-appropriate text. In addition, through this plan teachers usually teach the English language as a second language through a system that is differentiated according to English language development levels. In setting up a criteria forRead MoreExamples Of Application Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagesby the main stakeholders in the negotiation process. In my research project, I developed a novel pragma-functional approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, combining Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and Pragma-dialectics (PD) with postcolonial and poststructuralist insights. The innovative framework conceptualises notions such as power, ideology, discourse and language to analyse various arguments put forward by each of the interactants in th e debate as ways of construing identity and realityRead MoreThe Diversity Of Multicultural Education972 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent colors, religions, languages, and customs† (p. 55). Similar to the global world, classrooms across American today are beginning to look the same, raising awareness for teaching that is all-inclusive. Social studies teachers today are facing increasing difficulties with creating curriculums that meet their state’s mandated requirements and each individual learner, learning needs. A typical classroom will consist of students that may not speak English as a second language, a mixture of male andRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language1620 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Language acquisition is an important process in every person’s life. As the world becomes more interconnected, there is increasing need for humanity to communicate with each other. According to Chang (2011), language is the avenue through which information is shared. The question of â€Å"which language† has baffled the academic community over time and across space. In the final analysis, it appears that the language that most people in the world should speak actually has political connotationsRead MoreIncreasing Diversity in University Campuses1140 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican classrooms can face challenges in their critical thinking, speaking, cultural differences, and academic standards. Many international students have to adjust to the difference of learning and thinking in their native language to the learning and thinking style of the American classroom. This transition presents a challenge for many international students. Cultural differences alone can be the biggest obstacle for students. One example is the language differences. Many students are presented with

Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poes Go Back To Where You Came...

The process of discovery is often, a rigid and gruelling journey which leads an individual or group to formulate new perspectives as truth is uncovered. Exploring new worlds, people and places, thrilling the individual to reevaluate their understanding of the world and society transforming perceptions. This is explored in the reality documentary series directed by Ivan O’Mahoney’s ‘Go Back To Where You Came From’ which encapsulates the hardships of asylum seekers catalysing the participants emotional and intellectual rediscovery. Furthermore, Edgar Ellen Poe’s poem the ‘Raven’ examines the impacts of stress and anxiety of a heartbroken lover antagonised by the presence of a raven achieving self-discovery provoking an emotional and†¦show more content†¦Reinforcing the dehumanisation, demoralisation and injustice that asylum seekers experience. However, the emotional and intellectual discovery is provoked during the Midnight raid confronting responders with tense music, cross-cutting and close shots of disorientated and stressed asylum seekers. Challenging the participants to reevaluate their prejudice mindsets evident through Raye’s epiphany â€Å"I don’t think that’s criminal†, leading to the overall realisation of self-discovery. The utilisation of a four-tiered structure allows responders to experience the emotional and intellectual discovery of each participant. Discovery can be confronting and distressing at times triggers the responders to empathise with the protagonist through the emotional and intellectual discovery. Edgar Ellen Poe’s poem centers on the despair and insanity surrounding the loss of a loved one. The cliche use of â€Å"once upon† sets an archaic and melancholy mood Furthermore the poem’s trochaic octameter structure and rhyme gives a musical lilt. Poe utilisation of the animal symbolism encapsulates the protagonist’ emotional and intellectual loneliness. The raven catalyses the anxiety evident through the high modal negative connotations such as â€Å"evil† and â€Å"devil†, the confronting and consistently reminded of the truth weighs heavy on the protagonist’s mentality. Highlighting the difficulties of discoveryShow MoreRelatedThe Works Of A Depressed Man Essay1830 Words   |  8 PagesPoe: The Works of a Depressed Man In this paper, will analyze the works of the great poet Edgar Allen Poe. My focus of this analysis will be his theme and how it related to his life. The poems I will be analyzing are Annabel Lee, The Raven, and Spirts of the dead to show the themes of Poe’s works. My analysis will show how Poe used the tragic events of his life as well as a few of the good things that happened to ultimately inspire themes of death, depression, and despair as well as some other minorRead MoreEdgar Allen Poe: His Life and His Work1764 Words   |  8 Pagestraffic accidents and find excitement in the macabre. We turn off the lights when watching scary movies, and when its time to go to bed, we secretly make sure the closet doors are shut. Fear keeps our hearts pumping and endorphins rushing, for it is an emotion that reminds us of our mortality. How ironic it is to experience more life in our fascination with death. br brEdgar Allen Poe was a master of his craft, gifted with the talent of introd ucing each reader to his or her own subconscious fearsRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe and Stephen King: a Comparison and Contrast of Their W2670 Words   |  11 Pagesmovies, and when its time to go to bed, we secretly make sure the closet doors are shut. Fear keeps our hearts pumping and endorphins rushing, for it is an emotion that reminds us of our mortality. How ironic it is to experience more life in our fascination with death. br brTwo legendary writers have ruled the universe of death and horror with remarkable success, both gifted with the talent of introducing each reader to his or her own subconscious fears. Edgar Allan Poe and Stephen King are theRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe Critical Essay1935 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Don’t Tread on Me† Edgar Allan Poe was a man like no other; he lived a life of full of hardships, from his parents dying at a young age and his foster parents disowning him to marrying his cousin and never settling down in one place. Poe had a unique and tumultuous life full of ups and downs which relate to his characters and the themes of his stories. In The Cask of Amontillado poe uses irony, symbolism and the theme of revenge to draw in the reader and to leave and deep emotional reaction toRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1463 Words   |  6 Pagespredict improvement nor deterioration. Centuries have passed since Edgar Allan Poe described the death of a gullible fool, yet the taste of a murderer’s Amontillado wine remains bittersweet. Although the work is fictional, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† provides a nefarious and dismal libretto, depicted as a tale of pride, revenge, and a murder in cold blood. Through the use of symbolism, theological allusion, and foresha dowing, Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† suggests taking pride in seeking revengeRead MoreSupernatural in American Fiction Essay2928 Words   |  12 Pagesnot] not go there. If man dislikes black night and yawning chasms, then should he not even consider them? Shouldnt man seek out the sunshine, instead? 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This paperRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesapart from her true love Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · short stories and novels hold readers attention through dread of a series of terrible possibilities feature landscapes of dark forests, extreme vegetation, concealed ruins with horrific rooms, depressed characters Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · today in literature we still see portrayals of alluring antagonists whose evil characteristics appeal to one s sense of awe today in literature we still see stories of the persecuted young girl forced apart from herRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†Read MoreAnalysis of Short Story: Armor10060 Words   |  41 PagesANALYSIS OF THE SHORT STORY ARMOR BY JOHN BENGAN By Aireen Grace Asis Dongon Ron Ron Sawal Fabian Rosas Catherine Palacio Villagen Shiela Marie Ordinario Villaluz Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Lit 001 (Philippine Literature) Camarines Norte State College Daet, Camarines Norte March 9, 2015 Jocelyn A. Trinidad Literature Adviser CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A short story  is a brief work of  literature, usually written in  narrative  prose. It is a fictional work depicting

Globalisation Manufacturing and Workplace Change

The phenomenon known as globalisation Introduction To begin with, tell them that they will need to look at the essay questions today Later we will be doing a trial reflective exercise Let s look at Globalisation My story When my colleagues and I were faced with redundancy we were placed in a unique position. Or perhaps it wasn t quite so unique, just unspoken; ‘experts are not renowned for publicly applying their own theories to themselves. After years working as labour researchers or workplace change consultants we found ourselves in the position of having the stories we told other workers and their managements about why change was happening being reflected back to us by our managers and the people employed to facilitate†¦show more content†¦These ‘events , the writers argue, must be responded to in particular ways by governments and organisations in order to succeed in this new ‘competitive and ‘global environment. The emphasis here is on increasing competitiveness through introducing high-quality, lean production processes, and marketing strategies aimed at quick response to customer demand. Following this, I briefly examine how writers have perceived the Australian Government s response to these ‘events . Thirdly, I show how writers on workplace change, even critical writers, largely accept that the ‘quality , ‘lean production and ‘customer focus categorisation of workplace changes. Thus, the analysis of the politics and power associated with workplace change is streamed according to prevailing neo-liberal or critical theories without ever questioning the nature of the concepts themselves. My argument is that through the use of these reified concepts for analysing workplace change much of what is important about the experience of being a worker in the late 1990 s, about the experience of being human amongst other humans in industrial spaces, is difficult to access and leaves what I consider important questions unanswered. DifferentShow MoreRelatedHow The Changes Affect The Managers And Working Team Of The Company1150 Words   |  5 Pageswork in 19th century and this nature is continuously changing with the advancement of technology. This article explores some key points of what changes have been occurred in workplace and how these changes affect the managers and working team of the company. And what other change we expect in the coming years. Following are the few key points of changes in work place: 1) Improving Efficiency and Productivity: With the use of new technologies, efficiency of doing work has been improved.The numberRead MoreThe Decline Of Strikes And Industrial Action1410 Words   |  6 Pagesindustrial conflict in the future? Introduction Strikes are rightly acknowledged as a form of industrial conflict. Many works including OECD (2007), Hyman (1972) and McIlroy (1995) have described strikes as temporary termination of a workplace or work stoppage due to the initiatives taken by a group of workers or trade unions to impose or repel demands and direct grievances or to encourage other workers or groups of workers in their struggle of resisting demands or complaints. As pointedRead MoreTeaching And Learning Of The 21st Century1098 Words   |  5 Pagesglobalized, and complicated media saturated culture. So this Technological overthrow will have a greater change in education. Our students are facing many difficulties like increased population, climate change, health deficiency, primary poverty and other environmental changes. Therefore, this technological revolution, social, economic and globalization changes have intended for new changes and developments in 21st century teaching and learning. Knowledge and understanding: 21st century teachingRead MoreThe Effect of the External Environment on Work in Australia Essay1982 Words   |  8 Pagesof the External Environment on Work in Australia This essay considers how changes in the external environment of organisations have altered the world of work. Australia is currently experiencing a period of economic growth. But some new challenges have appeared. Australian organisations are facing skill shortages and an aging workforce. This shortage has been addressed by introduction of new technology in workplaces and influx of immigration workers. Organisations in Australia, similar to thoseRead MoreThe World Is Changing And The Environment2069 Words   |  9 Pagesof this changing world, both the employees and employers at the workplace are facing a lot of risk issues, regarding this rapid change in the economy and society followed by the overpowering competition. In order to sustain in the business market and meet the consumer demands, the organizations and the employers are required to come up with new methods and unbeatable prices of products. Moreover due to the emergence of globalisation, these organizations are bound to apply cost-cutting approach (lowerRead MoreGlobalisation and Australian Automotive Industry3628 Words   |  15 PagesGlobalisation and World Today globalization is essentially a synonym for global business. Globalization is changing the world we live in at a very increasingly rapid pace (Rodrik., 1997). 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They include: • The expansion of new markets Ââ€" foreign exchange and capital markets are linked globallyRead MoreInternal And External Influences That Help Shape Businesses871 Words   |  4 Pagesproduce are affected by the environment in which the business operates. Successful business managers have a good understanding of the environment in which the business operates. This allows them to respond positively to changes that take place and prepare for the impact such changes will have on their business operations. It is through these influences which shapes a business’s productivity and success. Internal influence: They are factors which businesses have some degree of control like locationRead MoreEssay on Globalisation and the Australian Economy2545 Words   |  11 Pages The Impact of Globalisation on the Australian Economy Globalisation is not new. Australia has been involved in trade, investment, financial flows, technology transfers and the migration of labour since its foundation as a colony. What has changed is the size, direction and influence of these transfers, especially since 1980. There are a number of factors that have aided this transformation. They include: †¢nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The expansion of new markets – foreign exchange and capitalRead MoreWhat ´s Occupational Environment?2392 Words   |  10 Pages1. Introduction According to Black (2014), the occupational environment can be difined as â€Å"the workplace surroundings that encompass the physical and social environment,†. The social environment can be seen as social relationships, immediate physical surroundings and cultural setting in which groups of people function and interact. It includes the industrial and occupational structure, the social and economic processes and labour markets among others. Social environments also include the social,

An Exploration to the Combination between Artificial Intelligence and Traditional Chinese Medicine free essay sample

1. Introduction Beginning with Emperor Yan, followed by Shen Nong tested a hundred varieties of herbs, then operationsand powder for anesthesia invented by Hua Tuo, to the which is written by Li Shizhen. TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine) is changing in a visible way while some other trades are replaced by AI(Artificial Intelligence). The society is advancing and transforming fast. It is important for the obsolete professions to reconcile and fuse with new technologies.Traditional Chinese Medicine, is a style of traditional medicine built on a foundation of more than 2500 years of Chinese medical practice that includes various forms of herbal medicines, acupuncture, massage, exercise and dietary therapy. Artificial Intelligence, is apparently intelligent behaviors by machines, rather than the natural intelligence of humans and other animals. When people see doctors of TCM, they go for the old ones because of their experience, this lead to a lack of experience to the young ones and result in a higher possibility of false diagnosis. Doctors of TCM get skills from their master who work as a doctor of TCM for a long time. However, there may be some faults during the knowledge passing. On the other hand, AI do not forget or have any mistakes. Treatments will be much more individuation and can prevent the happening of illness but not treat them after it happens. This essay will first introduce the AI TCM doctors as well as compare them with the human ones, then analyze data that collected in the form of questionnaires, and finally predict the future of AI and TCM. 2. Literature Overview 2.1 Artificial Intelligence in Medicine(AIIM) I will briefly start with the meaning of ‘medicine’ itself, the term Medicine is defined by Merriam Webster as the science and art dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention, alleviation, or cure of disease. In the early days of AI in medicine, the biggest challenge was the modeling of knowledge and of reasoning techniques for the purpose of supporting tasks as diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring[2]. However, in present, the major challenge is the intelligent exploitation of heterogeneous data, including demographic data, temporal clinical and health data, biomedical signals and images, genetic data, bimolecular data, clinical pathway data, social network data. Knowledge related to these data is valuable and multifaceted for computer/AI to do deep study. In this direction, intelligent(information) systems become a key-element to support decision-based and data intensive tasks as diagnosis, therapy, prevention, monitoring of patient populations, care quality assurance, and healthcare policy assessment and definition. [3] In spite of the shift in focus toward data-intensive applications that provide ad-hoc information for medical decision-based tasks, the ultimate objective is still the same, namely to support care providers in reaching the best possible decisions for any patient at the right time, to help them see through the consequences of their decisions/actions, and to improve and widen their knowledge and comprehension of clinical phenomena. 2.2 The role of Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine The essence of practicing medicine has been obtaining as much data about the patient’s health or disease as possible and making decisions based on that. Physicians have had to rely on their experience, judgement, and problem-solving skills while using rudimentary tools and limited resources. Instead of developing treatments for populations and making the same medical decisions based on a few similar physical characteristics among patients, medicine has shifted toward prevention, personalization, and precision. These cannot be done without AI. [7] 2.3 AI in Clinical practice The AI research branch of the search giant, Google, launched its DeepMind Health project, which is used to mine the data of medical records in order to provide better and faster health services. In 2016, they launched a cooperative project with the Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust to improve eye treatment [4]. IBM Watson launched its special program for oncologists to provide clinicians with evidence-based treatment options.[5] A Dutch company, Zorgprisma Publiek, analyzes the digital invoices of hospitals and insurance companies and uses IBM Watson in the cloud to mine the data. They can tell if a doctor, clinic, or hospital makes mistakes repetitively in treating a certain type of condition in order to help them improve and avoid unnecessary hospitalization of patients [6]. This is exactly what AI doctors are, this kind of analyzing technology is used in many different trades. 2.4 The Modern TCM with AI Started from 1980s’, Chinese scientists had tried to use AI in TCM. However the technology back then was not that advanced yet, experts could only build a limited knowledge base like an encyclopedia, those AI could not do any inventive diagnosis or prescript. The first generation of AI TCM doctor end unsuccessfully. [8] In recent years, modern technologies allow scientists to make some more advanced AI doctors. After the first failed, Chinese experts change a way to build AI TCM doctors. AlphaGo won top Go players because of the large amount of knowledge an information, which is called ‘big data’. Big data allow AI to store informations they need to do their jobs. However, an AI TCM doctor cannot be used with only big data, it also needs deep learning. Deep learning is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on learning data representations, as opposed to task-specific algorithms. Learning can be supervised, semi-supervised or unsupervised. The more AI learn, the more they are ‘smarter’. AI TCM doctors are mainly in a computer. They can give diagnosis to a patient through his/her heart beat, outlook, expressions and tell the human doctor. Human doctors will also analyze whether the prescript is perfect for the patient to use. This is how an AI TCM doctor works. 3. Methodology Questionnaires will be spread out in both friend circles of my mother and me. Data will be collected through Internet with many details. Research samples are about 50 people from all ages with different educational background, most of them are from Guangzhou. Guangzhou is one of the most developed cities in China, which exists both conventional and modern cultures that allow people to understand more about traditional Chinese ‘science’ as well as the modern technology. Five questions will be included in the questionnaire, varieties of questions will be in the questionnaire. Key questions which are more useful to the article will be analyzed. Data that collected from the questionnaire will be show by different kinds of charts. The answers I expected is that answerers can choose and write answers which is value and useful to the research. 4. Outcomes and Value: 4.1 How often do you go to see a TCM doctor? go when get ill 57% go once or twice for half a year 13% never pay any visit to a TCM doctor 11% other possibilities 20% The first question is showed above. As we can see from the data, more than half of the answerers go to see a TCM doctor when they are sick. Around 10% of them had never pay any visit to a TCM doctor. The graph tells me that most of people have no conscious that the purpose of a TCM doctor is not to cure a patient, but to nurse healths of people. There is another appliance in TCM doctors of AI is a monitor which can judge health of a person when he/she is looking in to a mirror or singing a song, it is like a daily health insurance. 4.2 What type of TCM doctors would you like to see when you go to see a TCM doctors? experienced ones77% not experienced ones1% whatever 11% never pay any visit to a TCM doctor11% The pie chart illustrate that almost 80% of the answerers would like to pay a visit to those experienced TCM doctors. At the beginning of the essay, I mentioned that people have a solid thought is that experienced TCM doctors have lower possibilities to make mistake. In fact, experienced ones are actually better, but the young ones have good capability as well. Human make mistakes while AIs do not. They can do precise calculation to avoid mistakes and may give the same or better diagnosis and prescript than human ones. So, AI TCM doctors can used as a main doctor as well as an assistant of TCM doctors. The research I did might can introduced the concept of AI TCM doctor to a part of people, to tell them that AI TCM doctor is no longer so far away from us. The research can also spread TCM ideas, to let people remind what they have left behind them. In my opinion, traditional science should not be abandoned, their existence and wide-ranging among people is reasonable. In present, the way to make TCM alive is to fuse with AI, to help and serve people in a better way. 5. Limitations The number of the sample might be a boundary that is not enough to represent. What is more, the time of the research is not that enough. Besides, the samples are not that clear or professional with both AI and TCM, for example, old ones might not know about new technology such as AI while young ones do not pay a visit to a TCM doctor for a long time. As a consequence, answers they answered may not be useful or valuable to analyze. The culture is disappearing rapidly and some of them might have been swallowed by the new technologies. That is why we have to protect them while they are hugging the modern world to improve themselves as well as stay alive. References [1] Merriam Webster Dictionary, merriam-webster.com/, [accessed 04.01.17. [2] Patel VL, Shortliffe EH, Stefanelli M, Szolovits P, Berthold MR, Bellazzi R, Abu-Hanna A. The coming of age of artificial intelligence in medicine. Artif Intell Med 2009;46(1):5–17, dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2008.07.017. [3] Carlo Combi.Editorial from the new Editor-in-Chief: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and the forthcoming challenges[J].Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.2017,76:37-39. [4] Moorfields announces research partnership [Internet]. Accessed online on the 25th of July, 2017 from: moorfields.nhs. uk/news/moorfields-announces-research-partnership [5] Motzer RJ, Barrios CH, Kim TM, et al. Piloting IBM Watson Oncology within Memorial Sloan Kettering’s regional network. J Clin Oncol [Internet]. 2014;32(25):2765–2772. Available from: meeting. ascopubs.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/15_suppl/e17653?sid= ad2b6d30-ec22-453b-8a8c-67c23fbd7f85%5Cnovidsp.ovid. com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JSPAGE=referenceD=emed12NEWS= NAN=71523844 [6] Zorgprisma Publiek [Internet]. Accessed online on the 25th of July, 2017 from: https: www.zorgprismapubliek.nl/ [7]Bertalan Mesko.The role of artificial intelligence in precision medicine[J].Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development.2017,2(5):239-241. [8],,.[J]..2017,(24):2076-2079,2106. Appendix wjx.cn/jq/20845678.aspx